SAM HANANEL
Associated Press
WASHINGTON (AP) — The Supreme Court ruled unanimously on Monday that an anti-abortion group can challenge an Ohio law that bars people from making false statements about political candidates during a campaign.
The decision raises serious doubts about whether the law — and similar measures in more than a dozen other states — can survive amid complaints that they violate free speech rights.
The high court said the Susan B. Anthony List does not have to wait until it is prosecuted under the law to claim its First Amendment rights have been infringed. The court did not directly rule on the constitutionality of the law, but the decision sends the case back to a lower court to consider the question.
Writing for the court, Justice Clarence Thomas said the existence of the law already has a chilling effect on political speech because people and interest groups have reason to believe their statements may be censured.
Both liberal and conservative groups have criticized the law, saying it stifles the wide-open debate crucial during elections, including negative speech that may sometimes twist the facts. Even Ohio attorney general Mike DeWine declined to defend the law in court, citing constitutional concerns. He sent his deputies to argue for the state instead.
The case began during the 2010 election when the Susan B. Anthony List, planned to put up billboards ads attacking then-Rep. Steve Driehaus. The ads accused Driehaus of supporting taxpayer-funded abortion because he supported President Barack Obama’s new health care law. Driehaus, a Democrat who opposes abortion, claimed the ads misrepresented the true facts and therefore violated the false speech law.
After Driehaus filed a formal complaint, the billboard owner feared legal action and declined to post the ads. The Ohio Elections Commission found probable cause that the ads violated the law, but Driehaus later dropped the case after losing his re-election bid.
When the Susan B. Anthony List challenged the state law as unconstitutional, a federal judge said the group didn’t have the right to sue because the case was withdrawn and it hadn’t suffered actual harm. The 6th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in Cincinnati agreed.
In reversing the lower courts, Thomas said the Susan B. Anthony List intends to make the same statements in future elections. That means the speech will remain prohibited under the Ohio false statement law.
“There is every reason to think that similar speech in the future will result in similar proceedings, notwithstanding SBA’s belief in the truth of its allegations,” Thomas said.
Thomas said the threat of commission proceedings is like arrest or prosecution in that it “may give rise to harm sufficient to justify pre-enforcement review.”
Susan B. Anthony List President Marjorie Dannenfelser said the group would move quickly to try to have the law tossed out.
“The truth or falsity of political speech should be judged by voters, not government bureaucrats,” she said.
The group already plans to put up similar billboard ads in opposition to Democratic U.S. senators in Arkansas, Louisiana and North Carolina; those states have similar laws banning false campaign speech.
DeWine spokesman Dan Tierney described the high court ruling as “unanimous and significant.”
“As the matter now proceeds in the lower courts, the Ohio Attorney General’s Office has a duty and will continue to defend the constitutionality of the statute.” Tierney said. “Attorney General DeWine will also continue to make the courts aware of his significant First Amendment concerns on this issue.”
Other states with similar laws include Alaska, Colorado, Florida, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, North Dakota, Oregon, Tennessee, Utah, West Virginia and Wisconsin.
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Associated Press writer Hope Yen contributed to this report.
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