(NEW YORK) — With 2023 ticking down, the nation is poised to finish the year with its biggest annual drop in homicides on record, according to preliminary data from law enforcement agencies both large and small.
The homicide rate in the United States is expected to plummet nearly 13% compared to 2022, meaning more than 2,000 fewer people were the victims of homicide this year, Jeff Asher, a national crime analyst, told ABC News.
The drop in homicides comes as more than three-quarters of Americans say there is more crime in the U.S. than a year ago and more than half of Americans say the same about crime in their local area, according to a Gallup poll released last month. Adding to that perception is the annual National Crime Victimization Survey published this month by the U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics that found the number of violent crime victims nationwide climbed from 16.5 per 1,000 people in 2021 to 23.5 per 1,000 in 2022.
Cities say the 2023 drop in homicides and other violent crimes can be attributed to expanded efforts to prevent crime, including working with community volunteers, targeting gun possession in high-crime areas and placing officers on foot and bike patrols.
“It is historic. It’s the largest one-year decline,” said Asher, co-founder of AH Datalytics and a former crime analyst for the CIA and the New Orleans Police Department. “It’s cities of every size, it’s the suburbs, it’s rural counties, tiny cities, it’s large cities. It’s really a national decline.”
Asher said his analysis is based on available preliminary crime data provided by 180 law enforcement agencies.
He said before this year, the largest year-over-year drop in homicides occurred in 1996 when murders fell by 9%.
An ABC News review of preliminary crime data from the 10 largest U.S. cities shows that heading into the last week of the year, seven of the municipalities have seen double-digit year-over-year declines in 2023 homicides — including an 11% drop in New York City, a 16% decrease in Los Angeles, and a 13% reduction in Chicago.
Houston, the country’s fourth largest city, saw its homicide numbers fall by 11% and homicides in Philadelphia, the nation’s sixth biggest city, have fallen by 21%, according to the preliminary data.
‘Force multiplier’
The challenge faced by local law enforcement to bring down the country’s homicide numbers for the second consecutive year following a record jump in 2020 and a sizable increase in 2021, was achieved this year with a major assist from the U.S. Justice Department and bipartisan gun-control legislation passed by Congress, officials said.
“We’re seeing double-digit declines in homicide across nearly 70 of America’s largest cities,” U.S. Deputy Attorney General Lisa Monaco said in an exclusive interview with ABC News chief justice correspondent Pierre Thomas, citing information from the Major Cities Chiefs Association.
Monaco said the federal government has played the role of “force multiplier” in helping local law enforcement drive down the nation’s murder rate by identifying and removing the most prolific shooters and violent offenders from the streets.
“Something that we are doing is using new authorities from the most significant gun safety law that has passed in 30 years … the bipartisan Safer Communities Act that passed last year. And with that tool, we’ve charged more than 300 defendants with new gun trafficking and illegal trafficking,” Monaco told ABC News. “We’re using tools like crime-gun intelligence, the ability to trace the gun and the spent shell casing from a crime scene to identify who’s that shooter, how many violent crimes have they been involved with.”
Smaller cities are also seeing dramatic decreases in homicides. New Orleans, which had the highest murder rate in the nation in 2022, has seen a 25% drop in homicides in 2023. Baltimore’s homicide numbers have fallen by 25%, Atlanta’s by 18%, and Miami’s by 15%.
But not all cities have seen homicides fall. As of Dec. 26, Washington, D.C., has seen its homicides jump 36% and Dallas has seen a 14% increase. In Memphis, Tennessee, homicides rose 31% through the first six months of the year, the most recent data available.
“But those cities are especially notable because they are outliers this year, not the norm,” Asher said.
Motor City murders tumble
One of the largest drops in homicides occurred in Detroit, which as of Dec. 26 has seen murders fall by 18% since last year, according to the police department’s preliminary data.
“We’re looking at some numbers that we haven’t seen in close to 60 years in the city of Detroit,” Detroit Police Chief James White told ABC News. “But we’re stopping short of celebrating because certainly we still have a lot of work to do.”
Following a rash of shootings in downtown Detroit in April, White immediately instituted a 12-point crimefighting program normally reserved for the hot summer months, he said.
“That involved just really having officers on foot patrol, bike patrol, engaging our community in a very positive way,” said White.
He said the city, led by Mayor Mike Duggan, a former Wayne County prosecutor, has helped pave the way for an overall reduction in crime by boosting the number of police officers from 2,331 in 2022 to 2,486 in 2023 and giving cops a substantial pay raise. White said his department has been approved to hire another 200 officers in the coming year.
Like other chiefs interviewed by ABC News, White attributed a large part of Detroit’s crime turnaround to winning back the public’s trust following widespread protests and calls for defunding police departments in the wake of the death of George Floyd at the hands of Minneapolis police officers in 2020. White said the city forged relationships with “community violence interrupters,” civilians who work in the streets to help the police department pinpoint problem areas and solve crimes.
“They’re sick and tired of the senseless, violent crime and they’re cooperating. They’re telling us where the problems are, and it’s our responsibility to address them quickly and keep working to keep those relationships strong in the community,” White said about community violence interrupters.
The result, he said, has been 55 fewer homicides in the city compared to this time last year.
“That’s 55 lives, 55 people, 55 mothers, fathers, husbands, wives, brothers, sisters that don’t have to bury a loved one,” White said.
White also noted that there have been 135 fewer non-fatal shootings in Detroit compared to last year.
“So if half of those had resulted in homicide, you can clearly see what the numbers would be, and the victimization that would have occurred, the families that would be impacted. But the fact that 135 people weren’t shot this year is absolutely incredible,” White said.
Overall violent crime falling
Besides the tumbling homicide numbers nationwide, Asher said preliminary data shows significant decreases in nearly every type of violent and property crime, except for auto theft which has risen 10%. Through the first three quarters of the year, he said aggravated assaults were down 7%, robbery declined 9% and the number of rapes fell 15%.
“It’s something that I think ideally deserves more attention. We certainly pay attention when things go up,” Asher said. “I think that we should be talking about it and writing about it, and discussing it when it goes down as well because there are important things to learn there, and we should be acknowledging what’s happening.”
Despite the reductions in homicides and other violent crimes nationwide, recent polls indicate the majority of Americans believe overall crime is out of control.
“Seventy-something percent of Americans believe crime is rising this year. And seventy-something percent of Americans in this case just happen to be wrong,” Asher said, citing the Gallup poll last month.
Asher’s analysis appears to correspond with a report released last week by the Council on Criminal Justice, a think tank comprised of policy leaders in the criminal justice field. The CCJ analyzed preliminary crime data from 30 large U.S. cities and found that homicides in the first half of the year fell 9.4%.
“If this trend continues through the end of 2023, the nation will have experienced one of the largest single-year homicide reductions in the era of modern record-keeping,” the CCJ said in a statement.
The Gun Violence Archive, a website that tracks shootings across the nation, also reports a significant 9% drop in gun homicides this year. As of Dec. 26, 18,513 people had been victims of homicide, about 1,700 fewer than in 2022, according to the website.
The sizable fall in homicides comes after a record high in murders was set in 2020 at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic when courts were mostly closed and jail populations were being drastically reduced in an attempt to curb the spread of the virus.
“Certainly, after it hit, we saw backlogs of cases and delayed trials and things like that,” White said. “There was no real accountability for bad acts.”
According to the FBI’s annual Uniform Crime Reporting Program, which analyzed data from 15,897 law enforcement agencies, the largest single-year jump in murders in more than a century occurred between 2019 and 2020 as murders and nonnegligent manslaughter offenses nationwide rose nearly 30%.
Homicides across the country continued to increase in 2021 by 4.3% before falling by 6% in 2022, according to the FBI report.
‘A very simple strategy’
San Antonio, Texas, the nation’s seventh biggest city, has experienced a nearly 12% decline in homicides this year, after seeing murders rise by 43% in 2022 compared to 2021.
San Antonio Police Chief William McManus told ABC News that the 231 homicides that occurred in his city in 2022, included the deaths of 53 migrants found in the back of an abandoned tractor-trailer as part of a human smuggling operation.
“If you’re looking at including those numbers, we’re looking at about a 32% decrease. But if you extract those numbers, we’re looking at a 12% decrease year-to-date,” McManus said. “But we’re not complaining about 12% though.”
One of the multiple crimefighting strategies McManus attributed to his city’s falling homicide numbers was first suggested by a team of criminologists at the University of Texas at San Antonio.
“Actually, it was a very simple strategy that, quite frankly, I was somewhat skeptical of at first,” McManus said.
He said by examining calls to the city’s computer-aided dispatch system (CAD), the police department identified 28 areas of the city with the highest numbers of violent crime calls and even pinpointed certain days and times when the volume of calls is the highest.
“We will sit there at that location with our emergency lights on for 10 to 15 minutes. That’s about as proactive as it gets,” McManus said. “We’re not getting out stopping people or knocking on doors or anything like that. It’s simply a high visibility, hot-spot policing effort.”
McManus said that in the coming year, he plans to try other crimefighting strategies involving the city’s public works department and animal control services.
“Specifically, to mention Animal Care Services, if you have a bunch of dogs running around, it brings the quality of life in that neighborhood down,” McManus said. “If you have a bunch of abandoned properties that are not being tended to, it brings the quality of life of that neighborhood down. Those properties could be used for drug sales, drug use, prostitution, all those things that make a neighborhood feel unsafe.”
Another strategy is to “address specific actors that are involved in violent crime,” he said.
“We pull them in, most of them are under supervision, and we offer them services, we offer them possible employment. If you choose to accept that type of help, whatever it may be, then good for you,” McManus said. “But if you don’t, then the next time you’re arrested, we’re going to throw the book at you.”
‘Recipe for success’
In Phoenix, the nation’s fifth largest city, interim Police Chief Michael Sullivan credited a 15% decline in homicides this year to a crimefighting strategy focused on clearing the streets of violent criminals in possession of guns.
“We know that if we focus on those areas, we’re going to see reductions, and we did this year,” Sullivan told ABC News.
Sullivan said his department launched “Operation Summer Shield” this year, which involved the help of federal and other local law enforcement agencies to round up people with warrants for their arrests. He said the operation resulted in the arrests of 580 people, with 70% wanted for felonies.
“I think we seized 40 guns from those prohibited possessors,” Sullivan said.
Sullivan said he has also used the strategy of putting detectives on the streets during the summer months to help increase patrols, saying, such a move has “been very important in helping us control the homicide number this year.”
Like in Detroit, Sullivan said non-fatal shootings, which he described as “truly failed homicides,” are down 18% this year and attributes that to the launch of a “Non-Fatal Shooting Investigation Squad” that responds whenever a bullet pierces the skin to assist or assume the investigation.
But like other police chiefs in cities with falling homicide numbers, Sullivan said community engagement has been the most beneficial in the post-pandemic era.
“Community engagement is much easier when you’re not doing it on a Zoom call, when you’re having face-to-face meetings with the community and being able to build that trust,” Sullivan said. “When I talk about community engagement, you put a lot of deposits in the bank before people trust enough to be able to give us the information to close crimes.”
Sullivan said his agency has also focused on recruiting the best officers for the job.
“What we would expect from our police departments is to have a good strategy. But then you have to have women and men who can go out and execute that strategy,” Sullivan said. “That’s what we have here at the Phoenix Police Department, and I believe that’s a recipe for success.”
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